No.1
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2021年4月21日(木) 16:20-17:50 オンライン 言語:日本語 |
Title
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Vaccination under the Pandemic and Political Support 一橋大学 高久 玲音 氏 |
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Abstract: This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on political support. We exploit Japan's age-based COVID-19 vaccine roll-out, prioritizing people aged 65 years and older. A regression discontinuity design based on a large-scale online survey reveals that COVID-19 vaccination increases favorable opinions of the vaccination progress in municipalities and infection control measures of municipal governments. By contrast, there is no significant effect on support for the central government. We also discovered that people with chronic diseases and low socioeconomic status are more affected. These results show that reciprocal motives and political information play an important role in evaluating public policies. |
No.2
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2022年4月28日(木) 16:20-17:50 オンライン 言語: English |
Title
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Gentrification and Crime: Evidence from Tax-Exempt Policy in New York City クイーンズランド大学 田中 聡史 氏 |
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Abstract: We study how service trade affects structural transformation and regional patterns of specialization. Using unique Canadian trade data, we document that i) interprovincial and international trade of services has increased between 1992-2017; ii) interprovincial trade is larger in services compared to goods; iii) structural transformation occurs from goods to tradable services, especially in tradable service-intensive provinces; and iv) there is significant regional specialization in producing goods and services across provinces. Using a spatial model of structural transformation and trade, we find that service trade, domestic and international, amplifies regional specialization and increases the share of the tradable service sector in Canada. |
No.3
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2022年5月19日(木) 16:20-17:50 文科系総合研究棟 第21演習室+オンライン 言語: 日本語 |
Title
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Services Trade and Structural Transformation 大阪大学 鎌田 拓馬 氏 |
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Abstract: We study gentrification and crime, exploiting a tax-exempt policy in New York City (NYC). NYC
abolished a property tax exemption for new construction in 2008, but the announcement was made in
2006. This time lag generated incentives for urban developers and planners for new building construction
to fill vacant land. Results from a triple-differences specification indicate that misdemeanor and property
crime, but not violent crime, increases in exempted areas with initially high vacancy. The increase in
property crime is likely due to grand larceny-theft and larceny-theft committed by Black offenders. We also
find an increase in the police use of force against Blacks. Our results are consistent with the perspective
that gentrification accompanies the influx of the affluent, which in turn makes criminal opportunities more
lucrative.
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No.4
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2022年6月9日(木) 16:20-17:50 文科系総合研究棟 第21演習室+オンライン 言語: 日本語 |
Title
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In Search of Lost Time: Firm Vintage and Macroeconomic Dynamics 早稲田大学 濵野 正樹 氏 |
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Abstract: This paper attempts to reproduce the past landscape of the economy with the help of evidence
and structural models. For that purpose, we built a theoretical model consisting of endogenous firm entry
and firm selection. Given the distribution of firm age and firm sales that we see today, we simulated agespecific
technologies and fixed costs for operation. With these simulated parameters, we then
reestablished the macroeconomic dynamics of each historical firm. With Japanese data from over 126
years, despite the massive presence of firms created after the Second World War until the oil crisis in the
1970s, we found that these historical firms show relatively low productivity. Old historical firms are subject
to high fixed costs and high productivity. Finally, we demonstrated that our counterfactual fixed costs
dramatically change the landscape of historical firms, as well as their characteristics. |
No.5
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2022年6月16日(木) 16:20-17:50 文科系総合研究棟 第21演習室+オンライン 言語: English |
Title
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Long-term care for singles and married couples 政策研究大学院大学 Minchung Hsu 氏 |
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Abstract: This paper studies the impacts of long term care (LTC) risk on single-person and married-couple households and the roles of informal care (IC) and Medicaid for LTC risk. We develop a life-cycle model where individuals face survival and health risk, and when highly disabled, face the risk of needing LTC. LTC consumption is endogenized in the model with an LTC-state dependent utility function where regular consumption and LTC consumption are valued differently. We find that household expenditures increase significantly when LTC becomes necessary, but married individuals are well insured against LTC risk when both spouses are alive and are very likely to provide IC. However, they still hold considerable assets, and we find that the saving incentive driven by LTC risk for married couples is mainly for insuring against the risk happening when a spouse becomes widow/widower who can expect much higher LTC costs. |
No.6
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2022年6月23日(木) 16:20-17:50 オンライン 言語: 日本語 |
Title
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Access to Formal Childcare for Toddlers and Parental Employment and Earnings 東京大学 近藤 絢子 氏 |
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Abstract: This study examines the effect of availability of accredited childcare centers, the most popular category of publicly-licensed childcare centers in Japan, on mothers’ employment and earnings. We focus on mothers with children less than two years old, most of whom are returning from parental leave to full-time work under excess demand for center-based childcare. We construct an instrument from the first-round assignment process of April enrollment and find that the enrollment to an accredited childcare center increases mothers’ employment rate by 21.7-25.8 percentage points. The effect of such enrollment on mothers’ annual salary income is 1,200,009 JPY for zero-year-old children and 649,134 JPY for one-year-old children. |
No.7
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2022年6月30日(木) 16:20-17:50 オンライン 言語: English |
Title
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The Social Value of Information in Networked Beauty Contest Model 香港中文大学 村山光太 氏 |
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Abstract: This paper studies the social value of information in the beauty contest model that allows for heterogeneous coordination motives. First, we relate the structure of agents’ coordination motives to their equilibrium use of information. In particular, the relative sensitivity of the equilibrium actions to private and public information is proportional to their Katz-Bonacich centralities. Our main result provides a taxonomy of how the social value of public information depends on the network structure: more precise public information necessarily improves welfare if and only if the weighted sum of agents’ Katz-Bonacich centralities is sufficiently small. Finally, we study the optimal degree of public information dissemination and the endogenous acquisition of private information. |