2018年4月19日(木) 16:20-18:20 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年4月26日(木) 16:30-18:00 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
Language: English, いつもと時間が異なります。
2018年5月11日(金) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと曜日が異なります。
2018年5月17日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年5月24日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年6月7日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年6月21日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年6月28日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年7月5日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年7月19日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
Language: English, 応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
2018年7月26日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
2018年8月2日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年10月4日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
2018年10月18日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2018年10月25日(木) 16:20-17:50 大会議室（経済学部研究棟4階）
Language: English, 応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
いつもと会場が異なります．
2018年11月22日(木) 16:30-18:00 第21演習室（文科系総合研究棟10階）
いつもと会場・時間が異なります．
2018年12月20日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
Language: English, 応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
2019年1月17日(木) 14:40-16:10 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
いつもと時間が異なります．
2019年1月24日(木) 16:20-17:50 大会議室（経済学部研究棟4階）
いつもと会場が異なります．
2019年1月31日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2019年2月4日(月) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
いつもと曜日が異なります．
2019年2月14日(木) 16:20-17:50 第21演習室（文科系総合研究棟10階）
いつもと会場が異なります．
2019年2月21日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
2019年3月4日(月) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと曜日が異なります．
2019年3月11日(月) 15:00-18:00 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと曜日・時間が異なります．
2019年3月28日(木) 15:00-18:00 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと時間が異なります．
鈴木通雄 氏 (東北大学)
Title: Decomposition of Aggregate Productivity Growth with Unobserved Heterogeneity
Abstract: Aggregate productivity growth and the role of input reallocation have been hotly debated.
Yet, it has received little attention as to how the measurement of reallocation relies on the commonly-made assumption that a production technology is uniform within an industry.
To quantify the effects of unobserved heterogeneity in production technology, we estimate a random-coefficient Cobb-Douglas production function.
We identify plant type from the distribution of the intermediate inputs to sales ratio using the first order condition without permanent distortions in intermediate input markets.
The empirical analysis uses plant-level data from the Census of Manufacture.
We find that accounting for unobserved heterogeneity lowers the volatility of technical efficiency and reallocation contributions.
For knitted garments industry that features large dispersion in the intermediate input share, the average growth rate of the reallocation component over the 5-year period after the bubble burst in Japan is -0.5% with heterogeneity, while it is 0.4% without heterogeneity.
湯田道生 氏 (東北大学)
Title: Medical Assistance System and Outpatient Health Care Utilization: Evidence from Japan
Abstract: The medical assistance (MA) system in Japan provides medical care services to public assistance beneficiaries without any financial burden,
but it also could potentially increase the medical expenditure due to the two major inefficiencies: moral hazard and supplier-induced demand.
In this study, nationally representative sets of medical claim data are used to examine how assignment to the MA system affects the utilization of outpatient health care.
Empirical results obtained using a dummy endogenous variable model to control for non-random MA assignment,
which is subject to means testing by the local government, shows that MA assignment significantly increases medical expenditure.
Its arc elasticity ranges from -0.171 to -0.160, which is comparable to the RAND Health Insurance Experiment.
In addition, after excluding fatal patients, the elasticity increases to -0.250, which exceeds that obtained in recent empirical studies of low-income populations.
In addition, the elasticities for new MA patients are significantly larger than those for continuing patients and that MA clinic patients are particularly price-sensitive.
2018年4月26日(木) 16:30-18:00 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
Language: English, いつもと時間が異なります。
Ian Coxhead 氏 (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Title: Persistent privilege? Institutional education achievement gaps in Vietnam
Abstract: In an earlier paper examining Vietnam’s early economic transition, we documented a large educational
achievement gap in favor of children from families with members employed by government or state enterprises. In
this paper, we ask what has happened to that gap in the subsequent decade, as Vietnam’s private-sector economy has
boomed and state corporations have contracted in relative terms. We find that despite these trends, high school and
college enrollment by children of households that lack connections to state-sector employment continue to lag those
that do, and in fact the gap has become appreciably wider. Though “connections” are not the only basis for
differences in schooling decisions, they are a major cause of slow and unequal progress in educational attainment, a
problem with consequences for intergenerational inequality and long-run growth.
2018年5月11日(金) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと曜日が異なります。
八木橋毅司 氏 (Old Dominion University)
Title: Intertemporal Elasticity of Substitution with Leisure Margin
Abstract: This paper investigates whether leisure time definitions matter in the estimation of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of consumption (IES)
by using a utility specification that allows interaction between consumption and leisure time.
We find that the IES estimated using a narrowly defined leisure measure that excludes quasi-leisure activities is larger than that estimated using nonmarket time.
The discrepancy is largely driven by the substitution of consumption and several leisure components over the lifecycle.
This finding is robust in alternative specifications and holds well for subsamples of higher socioeconomic status.
Our results demonstrate the inseparable nature of consumption and time allocation.
2018年5月17日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
山田知明 氏 (明治大学)
Title: The Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks on Inequality in Japan
Abstract: The impacts of monetary easing on inequality have been attracting increasing attention recently.
In this paper, we use the micro-level data on Japanese households to study the distributional effects of monetary policy.
We construct quarterly series of income and consumption inequality measures from 1981 to 2008, and estimate their response to a monetary policy shock.
We find that monetary policy shocks do not have a statistically significant impact on inequality across Japanese households in a stable manner.
When considering inequality across households whose head is employed, we find evidence that,
before the 2000s, an expansionary monetary policy shock increased income inequality through a rise in earnings inequality.
Such procyclical responses are, however, scarcely observed when the current data are included in the sample period, or when earnings inequality across all households is considered.
We also find that transmission of income inequality to consumption inequality is minor,
including during the period when procyclicality of income inequality was pronounced.
Using a two-sector dynamic general equilibrium model with attached labor inputs,
we show that labor market flexibility is central to the dynamics of income inequality after monetary policy shocks.
We also use the micro-level data on households' balance sheets and show that distributions of households' financial assets and liabilities
do not play a significant role in the distributional effects of monetary policy.
2018年5月24日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
小西秀樹 氏 (早稲田大学)
Title: How Redistributive are the Hidden Welfare States?: Private Social Expenditure and Redistribution in OECD countries
Abstract: The modern welfare states provide social protection services not only directly from the public sector but also from the private sector, e.g.,
by mandating employment-based provisions and giving tax breaks for voluntary transactions for social purposes.
This paper incorporates such private social expenditures and estimates the redistributive impacts of social protection systems in OECD countries, using a dynamic panel model.
It is found that the redistributive impact decreases as the system relies more on the private sector, some countries have no statistically significant redistributive impacts,
and the OECD countries have strengthened redistribution thought social policy on average after 2000.
It is also discussed how the estimation results depend on the choice of the income inequality index to regress.
2018年6月7日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
白井大地 氏 (東北学院大学)
Title: Debt-Ridden Borrowers and Economic Slowdown
Abstract: Economic growth slows for an extended period after a financial crisis.
We construct a model in which a one-time buildup of debt can depress the economy persistently, even when there is no financial technology shock.
We consider the debt dynamics of firms under endogenous borrowing constraints, with lenders having an option to forgive defaulting borrowers.
A firm is referred to as debt-ridden when it owes maximum debt and pays all income in each period as an interest payment.
In the deterministic case, a debt-ridden firm continues inefficient production permanently.
Further, if the initial debt exceeds a certain threshold, the firm intentionally chooses to increase borrowing and,
thus, to become debt-ridden. The emergence of a substantial number of debt-ridden firms lowers economic growth persistently.
A debt restructuring policy or the relief of debt-ridden borrowers from excessive debt may be able to restore their efficiency and economic growth.
2018年6月21日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
島根哲哉 氏 (東京工業大学)
Title: Location Choice of Carsharing Stations: an Empirical Study
Abstract: Carsharing is a car rental system for short period use. The registered users rent cars from carsharing stations located very near their living spaces.
We analyze the carsharing company's strategies of the location choice of their carsharing stations, then investigate the market structure of carsharing service.
We segment the market by spatial grid, then model the location choice of carsharing stations as an entry game in each segmented space.
We estimate the structural parameters of the carsharing company's payoff functions, using reduced form of the competitor's strategy estimated by nonparametric method.
We found that the carsharing company's decisions are depend the activity of their parent company.
2018年6月28日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
松村敏弘 氏 (東京大学)
Title: Firms' Costs, Profits, Entries, and Innovation under Optimal Privatization Policy
Abstract: We investigate how cost conditions of private firms affect optimal privatization policy and private firms' profits.
We find that the optimal degree of privatization is decreasing with the costs of private firms unless the public firm is fully privatized in equilibrium.
A cost reduction in a private firm increases the degree of privatization and benefits for all private firms.
Therefore, each private firm's profit is increasing with its rival private firms' costs, which is in contrast to the result when the degree of privatization is given exogenously.
This interesting property yields two important results. The profit of each private firm can increase with the number of private firms, and the positive externality of innovation accelerates private firms' R&D.
2018年7月5日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
釜賀浩平 氏 (上智大学)
Title: An axiomatization of the mixed utilitarian-maximin social welfare orderings
Abstract: We axiomatize the class of mixed utilitarian-maximin social welfare orderings. These orderings are convex combinations of utilitarianism and the maximin rule.
Our first step is to show that the conjunction of the weak Suppes-Sen principle, the Pigou-Dalton transfer principle,
the composite transfer principle, and continuity is equivalent to the existence of a continuous and monotone ordering of pairs of average and minimum utilities that can be used to rank utility vectors.
Using this observation, the main result of the paper establishes that the utilitarian-maximin social welfare orderings are characterized by adding the axiom of cardinal full comparability.
In addition, we examine the consequences of replacing cardinal full comparability with ratioscale full comparability and translation-scale full comparability, respectively.
We also discuss the classes of normative inequality measures corresponding to our social welfare orderings.
2018年7月19日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
Language: English, 応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
YoungJin Choi 氏 (Temple University)
Title: U.S. Quantitative easing and exchange rate regime
Abstract: This paper explores the international spillover effects of the U.S. quantitative easing in the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model
that incorporates asset market segmentation, managed exchange rate regime, sterilized interventions and capital controls in a small open economy.
The same DSGE framework enables me to compare the international transmissions of the conventional vs unconventional monetary policy
and evaluate optimal monetary policy based on welfare implications of alternative exchange rate regime and capital account liberalization.
I found that the long-term bond yield under managed exchange rate regimes are more affected by the U.S. quantitative easing than under the flexible exchange rate regime.
The liberalized capital account and currency regime mitigate the costs of sterilization and achieve to better stabilize the global financial shocks.
2018年7月26日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
會田剛史 氏 (アジア経済研究所)
Title: Spatial vs. Social Network Effects in Risk Sharing
Abstract: Employing spatial panel econometric models, this study extends the conventional empirical test of the full risk-sharing hypothesis
to incorporate spatial and social network effects, and quantifies the diffusion of income shocks in each network.
Estimation results based on household survey data in Southern Sri Lanka show that consumption smoothing performs better in spatial networks than in social ones,
because income shocks defuse more effectively among neighboring households.
This study also shows the limitations of the conventional test when it is considered a special case of a spatial econometric model.
2018年8月2日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
高橋修平 氏 (京都大学)
Title: Does State-Dependent Wage Setting Generate Multiple Equilibria?
Abstract: Does wage setting show strategic complementarity and produce multiple equilibria?
This study constructs a discrete-time New Keynesian model in which households choose when to change their wage subject to a fixed wage-setting cost.
I analyze a steady-state equilibrium of the state-dependent wage-setting model both analytically and numerically.
I find that for reasonable parameter values, complementarity in wage setting is weak and multiple equilibria are unlikely to exist at the steady state.
This result is robust to introducing imperfect insurance for consumption.
2018年10月4日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
植松良公 氏 (University of Southern California, 東北大学)
Title: The SOFAR Framework and Estimating Weak Factor Models
Abstract: Many modern big data applications feature large scale in both numbers of responses and predictors.
Better statistical efficiency and scientific insights can be enabled by understanding the large-scale response-predictor association network structures
via layers of sparse latent factors ranked by importance. Yet sparsity and orthogonality have been two largely incompatible goals.
To accommodate both features, in this presentation we first suggest the method of sparse orthogonal factor regression (SOFAR) via the sparse singular value decomposition
with orthogonality constrained optimization to learn the underlying association networks,
with broad applications to both unsupervised and supervised learning tasks such as biclustering with sparse singular value decomposition,
sparse principal component analysis, sparse factor analysis, and spare vector autoregression analysis.
Exploiting the framework of convexity-assisted nonconvex optimization,
we derive nonasymptotic error bounds for the suggested procedure characterizing the theoretical advantages.
The statistical guarantees are powered by an efficient SOFAR algorithm with convergence property.
Next, we propose a consistent estimation method for the approximate factor model of Chamberlain and Rothschild (1983, Econometrica),
known recently as weak factor models, by extending the SOFAR methodology.
In our experiment, the performance of the new estimator dominates that of the principal component estimators in terms of mean absolute loss,
and its superiority gets larger as the factor components become weaker.
We apply our method to analyse S&P500 firm security monthly returns, and the results show that the largest eigenvalue grows proportional to the number of the firms,
whilst the second and third much less slowly diverge.
2018年10月18日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
平野智裕 氏 (東京大学)
Title: The Wobbly Economy
Abstract: This paper explores the standard life-cycle model, showing that (a) under not implausible conditions, there may be an infinity of rational expectation equilibria;
this may occur even when under myopic expectations, there is a unique dynamic path;
(b) nonetheless, one can provide interesting characterizations of economic dynamics;
(c) government policy can affect the equilibrium path, and indeed appropriately chosen government policy rules can ensure that
the rational expectations equilibrium is unique and can improve welfare.
Moreover, we show that productivity increase may generate fragile economic booms followed by stagnation trap.
Appropriate government policy can prevent an economy from falling into stagnation trap and can improve welfare.
2018年10月25日(木) 16:20-17:50 大会議室（経済学部研究棟4階）
Language: English, 応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
いつもと会場が異なります．
Christina Atanasova 氏 (Simon Fraser University)
Title: Firm Diversification Affects Liquidity Management: The Role of Lines of Credit
Abstract: I examine whether organizational form matter for corporate liquidity, focusing on the effect of business diversification on firms' choice between bank lines of credit and cash holdings.
I find that diversified firms have relied on bank lines of credit more than their focused counterparts, as they have increased their liquidity in the last two decades.
I test several theoretical explanations for this finding.
First, I find no evidence that diversified firms with lower aggregate risk (beta) have a higher probability of obtaining credit lines or use higher amounts of revolving credit than the higher beta firms.
However, high idiosyncratic risk of borrowers hinders their access to credit lines. This effect is larger for smaller and for non-investment grade firms.
My results are consistent with the monitored liquidity insurance hypothesis, where diversified firms with lower liquidity risk and hedging demand use more bank lines of credit.
2018年11月22日(木) 16:30-18:00 第21演習室（文科系総合研究棟10階）
いつもと会場・時間が異なります．
十河丈晴 氏 (大阪経済大学)
Title: Costly Entry and the Optimality of Asymmetric Auction Designs
Abstract: We investigate optimal auction mechanisms when bidders base costly entry decisions on their valuations,
and payments depend on both the bids and asset payoffs generated by the winning bidder.
We show the optimal mechanism can feature asymmetry, where the seller sets differential reserve prices so that bidders enter
with strictly positive but different (ex-ante) probabilities, even when bidders are ex-ante identical.
The optimality of asymmetric mechanisms extends to cash auctions when there is sufficient valuation uncertainty relative to entry costs.
When bidders pay with a fixed royalty rate plus cash, the optimal degree of asymmetry rises with the royalty rate.
2018年12月20日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
Language: English, 応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
Zhenlin Yang 氏 (Singapore Management University)
Title: Specification Tests for Temporal Heterogeneity in Spatial Panel Data Models with Fixed Effects
Abstract: We propose score type tests for testing the existence of temporal heterogeneity in slope and spatial parameters in spatial panel data (SPD) models,
allowing for the presence of individual-specific and/or time-specific fixed effects (or ingeneral intercept heterogeneity).
The SPD model with spatial lag effect is first treated in detail by first considering the model with individual-specific effects only,
and then extending to the model with both individual and time specific effects.
Two types of tests (naive and robust) are proposed, and their asymptotic properties are presented.
These tests are then fully extended to an SPD model with both spatial lag and spatial error effects.
Monte Carlo results show that the robust tests have much superior finite and large sample properties than the naive tests.
Thus, the proposed robust tests provide reliable tools for identifying possible existence of temporal heterogeneity in regression and spatial coefficients.
Empirical illustrations of the proposed tests are given.
2019年1月17日(木) 14:40-16:10 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
いつもと時間が異なります．
大西匡光 氏 (大阪大学)
Title: 一般化された価格インパクト・モデルのもとでの最適・均衡執行戦略
Abstract: 自らの取引きが市場価格に影響を及ぼす機関投資家のような投資家をラージ・トレーダーと呼び，その価格変動を価格インパクトと呼ぶ．
ラージ・トレーダーは，取引きの際の価格インパクトを流動性リスクとして認識し，適切にリスク・マネジメントをしなければならない．
こうした価格インパクトを考慮した執行戦略の研究が，近年，盛んに行われている．
本報告においては，離散時間モデルを用い，報告者らが最近提案した価格インパクト・モデルを，
さらに一般化した価格変動モデルに基づき，CARA（負の指数）型の効用を持つラージ・トレーダーが
購入計画期間における最終時刻での手持ち資金（富）からの期待効用を最大化しようとする状況を考える．
まず，ラージ・トレーダーが１人の場合の動的最適化問題を Markov 決定過程（確率動的計画）として定式化し，バックワード・インダクションを用いて最適動的執行戦略を導出する．
続いて，ラージ・トレーダーが複数の場合の動的非協力ゲームを Markov ゲーム（確率ゲーム）として定式化し，やはりバックワード・インダクションを用いて Markov 完全均衡執行戦略を導出する．
最後に，いくつかの数値計算例を用いて，それら最適・均衡執行戦略についての比較静学を行う．
2019年1月24日(木) 16:20-17:50 大会議室（経済学部研究棟4階）
いつもと会場が異なります．
笠原博幸 氏 (University of British Columbia, 一橋大学)
Title: Grain Exports and Causes of China’s Great Famine, 1959-1961: County-Level Evidence
Abstract: This study provides county-level evidence that the over-export of grains aggravated the severity of China's Great Famine.
We exploit county-level variations in crop specialization patterns to construct Bartik-style measures of export shocks.
Using county-level panel data from 1955 to 1963, we regress death rates on the Bartik export measures with county and province-year fixed effects.
We use weather shocks to instrument for output and consumption.
The regression results suggest that increases in grain exports substantially increase death rates.
This effect is larger in counties that are further from railways and with fewer local Chinese Communist Party members.
We also estimate the effects of the procurement policy as well as the determinants of grain output,
and examine the relationship between death rates and county-level average caloric consumption during the famine period.
The counterfactual experiments indicate that grain exports explain 12 percent of excess deaths,
which is one-fifth of the effect of the increase in procurement rates between 1957-1959.
2019年1月31日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
坂本陽子 氏 (University of Wisconsin-Madison, 一橋大学)
Title: Product Life-Cycle and Geography of Innovation
Abstract: This paper analyzes the spatial sorting pattern of innovative activities by developing a model of heterogeneous firms that choose innovation sourcing sites.
The model captures firms' trade-off that locating innovations in larger-sized cities enhances knowledge spillover
while it also exposes the higher risk of information leakage to competitors,
with implying that the relevance between cost and benefit of sourcing innovation in a populous city depends on the life-cycle length of technology embedded in products.
In industries with relatively rapid turn-over of technologies, firms become less sensitive to the risk of information leakage as their fast technology obsolescence tends to outpace adoption of leaked information by competitors.
In contrast, firms using more durable technologies evaluate the risk of information leakage relatively more, as leaked information retains long-lasting market value.
As a result, the model predicts a geographical sorting pattern of innovation where firms using long-lived technology in production optimally source innovation in smaller-sized cities, and vice versa.
The empirical analysis based on U.S. patent data shows that the theory partly explains within-firm heterogeneity of innovation sourcing decision by multi-product firms operating in multiple industries,
although there exist considerable across-firm variations in geography choice for innovation that the model cannot account for.
2019年2月4日(月) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
応用統計計量ワークショップとの共催
いつもと曜日が異なります．
高見澤秀幸 氏 (一橋大学)
Title: An Equilibrium Model of Term Structures of Bonds and Equities
Abstract: This study proposes an equilibrium model of term structures of bonds and equities, which has a similar descriptive ability to a reduced-form
model proposed by Lettau and Wachter (LW) (J. Financial Economics, 2011), and yet offers economic implications about preferences and
consumption dynamics. The ability is obtained by letting parameters of recursive utility depend on state variables of the economy. The model
is calibrated by matching it with the LW model, showing that it can produce the term structure of real interest rates with either a positive
or negative slope and the term structure of dividend risk premiums with a negative slope, both of which stand as challenges to any pricing
models. It also shows that while an implied behavior of state-dependent time preference is reasonable, modifications of parameter values and
cash flow processes are necessary for state-dependent risk aversion to behave reasonably.
2019年2月14日(木) 16:20-17:50 第21演習室（文科系総合研究棟10階）
いつもと会場が異なります．
西出勝正 氏 (一橋大学)
Title: Default Contagion and Systemic Risk with Cross-Ownership of Equities, Debts, and Financial Derivatives
Abstract: We consider a clearing system of an interbank market in the case the cross-ownership of financial derivatives among banks is present,
and investigate the effect on market stability.
The existence and uniqueness of a clearing payment vector is proved under the assumption of the fictitious default algorithm with financial covenants,
which reflects technical defaults often observed in actual financial markets.
Some numerical results are presented to show that, in contrast to the previous literature,
a complete network does not necessarily imply the most stable market when financial derivatives such as credit default swaps are introduced.
2019年2月21日(木) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
北川章臣 氏 (東北大学)
Title: コーポレート・ガバナンス構造の変化と人的資本投資
Abstract: 本稿では、2期間の一般均衡モデルを用いて、メインバンク制から株式市場を通じたコーポレート・ガバナンスへの変化が人的資本投資のあり方にどのような影響を与えるかを理論的に考察した。
メインバンク制の下では企業の存続確率が高いため、多くの労働者が企業特殊的な人的資本形成の機会を与えられ、労働者間の所得格差も小さい。
これに対して、株式市場を通じたガバナンスの下では、企業はリスクをとって高収益を追求することが求められる結果、
企業特殊的な人的資本形成の機会を与えられる労働者は極めて少数となり、労働者間の所得格差は極めて大きなものとなる。
また、政策含意として、(i) ガバナンスのあり方によらず、企業特殊的な人的資本形成の機会を増やす雇用補助金は常に経済厚生の改善すること、
および、(ii) 企業の存続確率が極端に低くない限り、企業特殊的な人的資本形成の機会を与えられた労働者から与えれなかった労働者への所得再分配も経済厚生を改善することを見出した。
2019年3月4日(月) 16:20-17:50 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと曜日が異なります．
盛本圭一 氏 (明星大学)
Title: Tax Evasion and Optimal Corporate Income Tax Rates in a Growing Economy
Abstract: We explore how tax evasion by firms affects the growth- and welfare-maximizing rates of corporate income tax (CIT) in an endogenous growth model with productive public service.
We show that the negative effect of CIT on growth is mitigated in the presence of tax evasion.
This increases the benefit of raising the CIT rate for public service provision.
Thus, in contrast to Barro (1990), the optimal tax rate is higher than the output elasticity of public service.
Through numerical exercises, we demonstrate that the role of tax evasion by firms is quantitatively significant.
2019年3月11日(月) 15:00-18:00 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと曜日・時間が異なります．
湯淺史朗 氏 (一橋大学)
Title: Storage Cost and Birth of Rational Bubble
Abstract: This paper studies conditions of emergence of rational bubble in a pure exchange overlapping generations economy model with storage costs of bubbly goods.
Different from most of existent rational bubble dynamic general equilibrium models, bubbles can emerge endogenously even at the other of the initial period of the economy.
Bubbles can exist if the economy is dynamically inefficient, and bubbles can emerge when the storage cost of bubbly goods is adequately small.
Numerical simulation shows that the emergence of bubbles improves the welfare of consumers born after emergence.
陣内了 氏 (一橋大学)
Title: Recurrent Bubbles and Economic Growth
Abstract: Some financial crises are preceded by the collapse of bubbles and followed by a long-lasting economic slump, the Great Recession being a recent example.
To account for these features in the data, we develop a novel model of recurrent bubbles with endogenous growth, infinitely-lived households, and regime switching.
Bubbles promote economic growth once realized because they provide liquidity to constrained investors.
On the other hand, expectations about future bubbles crowd out investment, thereby reducing economic growth.
With these competing effects, the overall impact of recurrent bubbles, especially high-frequency bubbles, on economic growth and welfare depends on the level of financial development.
In economies with relatively developed (underdeveloped) financial markets, recurrent bubbles reduce (raise) the average economic growth and welfare compared to those situations where bubbles never materialize.
We exploit these insights to map our model to the U.S. data for the period 1984 - 2017.
We learn several insights: 1) there is evidence of recurrent bubbles; 2) the asset price bubble fueled growth in the pre-Great Recession years;
and 3) the burst of the bubble is partially responsible for the post-Great Recession dismal recovery.
2019年3月28日(木) 15:00-18:00 第401演習室（文科系総合研究棟4階）
いつもと時間が異なります．
若森直樹 氏 (東京大学)
Title: Excess Capacity and Effectiveness of Policy Interventions: Evidence from the Cement Industry (abstract)
Strategic interaction among firms may hinder the reduction of excess capacity in a declining industry.
Policy interventions that attempt to reduce excess capacity may increase efficiency by accelerating the capital adjustment
but may decrease efficiency by increasing the market power of firms and/or by distorting firms' divestment decisions.
We study capacity coordination policies - forcing firms to reduce their capacity simultaneously - applied to the Japanese cement industry.
Estimation results suggest that these interventions (i) did not increase market power because reduction in capacity resulted in higher utilization of the remaining plants,
and (ii) did not distort firms' scrappage decisions.
石瀬寛和 氏 (大阪大学)
Title: Nominal Exchange Rate Variability, Nominal Wage Rigidity, and the Pattern of Trade
Abstract: This paper theoretically and empirically revisits this old but unresolved question by considering the differential impacts across sectors,
particularly focusing on the interactive role with industry-level nominal wage rigidity.
Using a stylized model, I detect positive and negative effects. I then argue that a plausible implication is that
a country whose nominal exchange rate varies less has comparative advantage in industries which intensively use sticky-wage workers.
World trade data robustly supports this comparative-advantage-type prediction.