要 旨
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We studied the effect of the Russian Unfriendly Countries List (UCL) on the global
trade of sanctioned countries. Applying the staggered Difference-in-Differences in the
gravity model to trade data from 48 countries, we found that the UCL has adversely
affected sanctioned countries’ trade with Russia but has a null effect on the investigated
countries’ trade with Ukraine. Furthermore, we investigated whether UCL leads to
trade diversion, that is, whether UCL countries increase their crude oil imports from
other primary exporters.
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